国家发展改革委关于做好“十一五”农村电网完善和无电地区电力建设工作的通知
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国家发展改革委关于做好“十一五”农村电网完善和无电地区电力建设工作的通知
发改能源[2007]421号
国家发展改革委关于做好“十一五”农村电网完善和无电地区电力建设工作的通知
各省、自治区、直辖市、新疆生产建设兵团发展改革委、物价局、水利部、国家电网公司、南方电网公司：
为了落实“十一五”规划纲要，做好农村电网完善和无电地区电力建设工作，解决好农村地区和无电人口用电问题，经研究，现将有关要求通知如下：
一、高度重视规划工作。完善农村电网和解决无电人口用电问题是“十一五”期间农村电力建设的重要任务。各省（区、市）发展改革委、国家电网公司、南方电网公司要认真总结农村电力建设成效和经验，按照“因地制宜、统筹规划、先易后难、分步实施”的原则，深入调查研究，结合本地区实际情况，在已开展的各项工作基础上进一步做好“十一五”期间农网完善和无电地区电力建设规划工作，实事求是地提出“十一五”期间农网完善和无电地区电力建设的具体目标、任务、项目安排和投资计划。规划内容要区分轻重缓急，以便根据资金规模合理安排项目，并对农村电力建设的经济效益和社会效益进行全面分析。在投资安排上要注意向水库库区和华侨农场倾斜，尽快解决好水库库区和华侨农场的农网完善和无电人口用电问题。根据华侨农场未通电居民点数量和无电人口较少的情况，2007年要集中解决华侨农场无电人口用电问题。
二、抓紧落实管理体制。无电地区电力建设工程分散、建设和管理难度大、经济效益较差，为了做好无电地区电力建设工作，在我委《关于无电地区电力建设有关问题的通知》（发改能源[2006]2312号）中，对无电地区电力建设管理体制提出了明确要求。请有关省（区、市）发展改革委按照上述通知精神，根据各地实际情况，从有利于农村电力长远发展的角度出发，认真落实好无电地区电力建设管理体制，尽快确定项目法人。为确保无电地区电力建设工程的顺利进行，原则上由省级电网公司作为项目法人负责组织实施。
三、切实加强项目管理。从农村电网和县城电网改造稽察了解情况看，一些地区电网改造还存在一些问题，主要是：前期工作深度不够、项目不按投资计划实施、套取和挪用建设资金、招投标工作不规范以及工程实施进度缓慢等，严重影响了农村电力建设工作的进度和效果。有关省（区、市）发展改革委、国家电网公司和南方电网公司各方要切实加强对农村电力建设的监督和管理，杜绝类似问题和情况的发生。各省级发展改革委要负责做好农网完善和无电地区电力建设的规划编制和有关协调管理工作，规划编制要充分听取项目法人的意见和建议；涉及国家电网公司和南方电网公司的建设项目，年度实施项目和投资计划要会同国家电网公司或南方电网公司共同研究确定，并由省级发展改革委和国家电网公司、南方电网公司分别上报我委，工程完成后要认真进行验收。国家电网公司和南方电网公司要加强对本公司系统农网完善和无电地区电力建设工作的管理和监督，认真做好项目各项前期工作和项目可行性研究报告编制、工程招投标、资金管理及工程建设等工作，严格执行国家有关政策、规定和办法，严格执行投资计划，确保工程建设的安全、质量、进度和效益。
四、认真做好前期工作。落实项目建设的前期工作是投资计划下达和工程实施的前提条件。各省（区、市）发展改革委和国家电网公司、南方电网公司要高度重视项目建设前期工作，组织开展工程技术方案设计，落实项目建设资本金，取得银行贷款承诺函，编制项目可行性研究报告，并经省级发展改革委批复同意。在此基础上，各省（区、市）发展改革委和国家电网公司、南方电网公司要在每年的3月底以前，将本年度农网完善和无电地区电力建设的建设目标、建设内容、具体项目、工程方案、投资规模、资金来源以及投资计划建议上报我委，并同时附上可行性研究报告的批复文稿、贷款承诺函以及项目法人出资承诺等相关文件。
五、按时完成改造任务。农网改造和县城电网改造工作已开展多年，但有些地方没有完成投资计划，工程进度缓慢。请有关省（区、市）发展改革委和项目法人按照我委发改能源[2005]1149号和发改办能源[2006]1092号文件要求，抓紧按投资计划完成好各项建设任务，并尽快将农网改造和县城电网改造竣工验收报告上报我委。为了促进农村电力建设工作的顺利开展，使已安排的投资尽快发挥效益，今后农网完善和无电地区电力建设投资安排将统筹考虑各地区已下达投资计划的完成情况和实施效果。经研究，2007年农网完善和无电地区电力建设投资将重点安排已完成一、二期农网改造验收工作并上报验收报告的省份，其余地区原则上暂缓安排；从2008年起，对未完成农网改造和县城电网改造任务或农网完善投资计划的省份将暂缓安排新的投资计划。
农村地区电力基础设施建设和完善是一项长期的任务，各省（区、市）发展改革委、物价局都要坚持以科学发展观统领农村电力建设和管理的各项工作，把农村电网完善和解决无电地区用电问题当作一件大事来抓，认真做好规划工作，加强项目前期工作，规范项目管理，按计划高质量地做好农网完善和无电地区电力建设工作，为农村地区经济社会发展和社会主义新农村建设创造良好的条件。
请有关省（区、市）发展改革委、国家电网公司、南方电网公司将“十一五”农网完善和无电地区电力建设两个规划和2007年的实施计划建议于2007年4月底以前上报我委，并同时将农网改造、农网完善和县城电网改造的有关情况报告我委。
中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会
二○○七年二月二十六日
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METROLOGY LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
METROLOGY LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
(Adopted at the 12th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the
Sixth National People's Congress, promulgated by Order No. 28 of the
President of the People's Republic of China on September 6, 1985, and
effective as of July 1, 1986)
Contents
Chapter I General Provisions
Chapter II Primary Standard Instruments of Measurement, Standard
Instruments of Measurement and Metrological Verification
Chapter III Administrative Control of Measuring Instruments
Chapter IV Metrological Supervision
Chapter V Legal Liability
Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
This Law is formulated to strengthen the metrological supervision and
administration, to ensure the uniformity of the national system of units
of measurement and the accuracy and reliability of the values of
quantities, so as to contribute to the development of production, trade
and science and technology, to meet the needs of socialist modernization
and to safeguard the interests of the state and the people.
Article 2
Within the territory of the People's Republic of China, this Law must be
abided by in establishing national primary standards of measurement and
standards of measurement, in conducting metrological verification, and in
the manufacture, repair, sale or use of measuring instruments.
Article 3
The State shall adopt the International System of Units (SI).
The International System of Units and other units of measurement adopted
by the State shall be the national legal units of measurement. The names
and symbols of the national legal units of measurement shall be
promulgated by the State Council. Non-national legal units of measurement
shall be abrogated. Measures for the abrogation shall be stipulated by the
State Council.
Article 4
The metrological administrative department of the State Council shall
exercise unified supervision over and administration of metrological work
throughout the country. The metrological administrative departments of the
local people's governments at and above the county level shall exercise
supervision over and administration of metrological work within their
respective administrative areas.
Chapter II Primary Standards of Measurement, Standards of Measure- ment and Metrological Verification
Article 5
The metrological administrative department of the State Council shall be
responsible for establishing all kinds of primary standards of
measurement, which shall serve as the ultimate basis for unifying the
values of quantities of the country.
Article 6
The metrological administrative departments of the local people's
governments at or above the county level may, according to the needs of
their respective areas, establish public standards of measurement, which
shall be put into use after being checked and found to be qualified by the
metrological administrative department of the people's government at the
next higher level.
Article 7
The competent department concerned of the State Council and the competent
department concerned of the people's governments of the provinces,
autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central
Government may, in light of their own specific needs, establish standards
of measurement for their own use. The ultimate standard of measurement of
each kind shall be put into use after being checked and found to be
qualified by the metrological administrative authorities of the people's
government at the corresponding level.
Article 8
Enterprises or institutions may, according to their needs, establish
standards of measurement for their own use. The ultimate standard of
measurement of each kind shall be put into use after being checked and
found to be qualified by the metrological administrative department of the
people's government concerned.
Article 9
The metrological administrative departments of the people's governments at
or above the county level shall make compulsory verification of the public
standards of measurement, the ultimate standards of measurement used in
the departments, enterprises and institutions as well as the working
measuring instruments used in settling trade accounts, safety protection,
medical and health work, or environmental monitoring that are listed in
the compulsory verification catalogue. Those measuring instruments which
have not been submitted for verification as required and those which have
been checked and found to be unqualified shall not be used. The catalogue
of the working measuring instruments subject to compulsory verification
and the measures for the administration of such instruments shall be
stipulated by the State Council.
Standards of measurement and working measuring instruments other than
those referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be verified at regular
intervals by the users themselves or by the metrological verification
institutions. The metrological administrative departments of the people's
governments at or above the county level shall supervise and inspect such
verification.
Article 10
Metrological verification shall be conducted according to the National
Metrological Verification System. The National Metrological Verification
System shall be worked out by the metrological administrative department
of the State Council. Metrological verification must be carried out in
accordance with the regulations governing metrological verification. The
national metrological verification regulations shall be formulated by the
metrological administrative department of the State Council. In the case
of certain instruments that are not covered in the national metrological
verification regulations, the competent departments of the State Council
and the metrological administrative departments of the people's
governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly
under the Central Government shall respectively formulate departmental and
local verification regulations. Such verification regulations shall be
submitted to the metrological administrative department of the State
Council for the record.
Article 11
Metrological verification shall, according to the principle of economy and
rationality, be carried out on the spot or in the vicinity.
Chapter III Administrative Control of Measuring Instruments
Article 12
An enterprise or institution which is to engage in manufacturing or
repairing measuring instruments must have facilities, personnel and
verification appliances appropriate to the measuring instruments it is to
manufacture or repair and, after being checked and considered as qualified
by the metrological administrative department of the people's government
at or above the county level, obtain a Licence for Manufacturing Measuring
Instruments or a License for Repairing Measuring Instruments.
The administrative departments for industry and commerce shall not issue a
business licence to an enterprise engaged in manufacturing or repairing
measuring instruments which has not obtained a Licence for Manufacturing
Measuring Instruments or a Licence for Repairing Measuring Instruments.
Article 13
When an enterprise or institution manufacturing measuring instruments
undertakes to manufacture new types of measuring instruments which it has
not previously manufactured, such measuring instruments may be put into
production only after the metrological performance of the sample products
has been checked and found to be qualified by the metrological
administrative department of a people's government at or above the
provincial level.
Article 14
Without the approval of the metrological administrative department of the
State Council, measuring instruments with non-legal units of measurement
which have been abrogated by the State Council, and other measuring
instruments which are banned by the State Council, shall not be
manufactured, sold or imported.
Article 15
An enterprise or institution engaged in manufacturing or repairing
measuring instruments must verify the measuring instruments it has
manufactured or repaired, guarantee the metrological performance of the
products and issue certificates of inspection for the qualified products.
The metrological administrative department of the people's governments at
or above the county level shall supervise and inspect the quality of the
measuring instruments manufactured or repaired.
Article 16
Measuring instruments imported from abroad may be sold only after having
been verified and found to be up to standard by the metrological
administrative department of the people's government at or above the
provincial level.
Article 17
When using measuring instruments, no person shall be allowed to impair
their accuracy, thereby prejudicing the interests of the State and
consumers.
Article 18
Self-employed workers or merchants may manufacture or repair simple
measuring instruments.
Any self-employed worker or merchant who is to engage in manufacturing or
repairing measuring instruments may apply for a business licence from the
administrative department for industry and commerce provided he has been
tested and found to be qualified by the metrological administrative
department of a people's government at the county level, and issued a
Licence for Manufacturing Measuring Instruments or a Licence for Repairing
Measuring Instruments.
The types of measuring instruments which can be manufactured or repaired
by self-employed workers or merchants shall be determined by the
metrological administrative department of the State Council, which shall
also adopt measures for their control.
Chapter IV Metrological Supervision
Article 19
The metrological administrative department of the people's governments at
or above the county level may, according to their needs, appoint
metrological supervisors. The measures for the administration of the
metrological supervisors shall be formulated by the metrological
administrative department of the State Council.
Article 20
The metrological administrative department of the people's governments at
or above the county level may, according to their needs, set up
metrological verification organs or authorize the metrological
verification institutions of other establishments to carry out compulsory
verification and other verification and testing tasks. The personnel
carrying out the tasks of verification and testing mentioned in the
preceding paragraph must be tested for their qualifications.
Article 21
Any dispute over the accuracy of measuring instruments shall be handled in
accordance with the data provided after verification with the national
primary standards of measurement or public standards of measurement.
Article 22
A product quality inspection agency which is to provide notarial data on
the quality of products for society must be checked for its capability and
reliability of metrological verification and testing by the metrological
administrative department of a people's government at or above the
provincial level.
Chapter V Legal Liability
Article 23
Whoever without a Licence for Manufactured Measuring Instruments or a
Licence for Repairing Measuring Instruments manufactures or repairs
measuring instruments shall be ordered to stop his production or business
operations. His unlawful income shall be confiscated and a fine may
concurrently be imposed.
Article 24
Whoever manufactures or sells a new type of measuring instrument which has
not been checked and found to be qualified shall be ordered to stop the
manufacture or sale of that new product. His unlawful income shall be
confiscated and he may concurrently be punished by a fine.
Article 25
Whoever manufactures, repairs or sells unqualified measuring instruments
shall have his unlawful income confiscated and a fine may concurrently be
imposed.
Article 26
Whoever uses measuring instruments subject to compulsory verification
without having filed an application for verification as required or
continues to use measuring instruments which have been checked but found
to be unqualified shall be ordered to stop the use and may concurrectly be
punished by a fine.
Article 27
Whoever uses unqualified measuring instruments or impairs the accuracy of
measuring instruments, thus causing losses to the State and consumers,
shall be ordered to make compensation for the losses and shall have his
measuring instruments and unlawful income confiscated and may concurrently
be punished by a fine.
Article 28
Whoever manufactures, sells or uses measuring instruments for the purpose
of deceiving consumers shall have his measuring instruments and unlawful
income confiscated and may concurrently be punished by a fine. If the
circumstances are serious, the individual or the person in the unit who is
directly responsible shall be investigated for his criminal responsibility
according to the crimes of swindling or speculation.
Article 29
When any individual or unit, in violation of the provisions of this Law,
manufactures, repairs or sells unqualified measuring instruments leading
to people's injury or death or causing major property losses, the
individual or the person in the unit who is directly responsible shall be
investigated for his criminal responsibility by reference to the
provisions of Article 187 of the Criminal Law.
Article 30
A metrological supervisor who transgresses the law and neglects his duty,
where the circumstances are serious, shall be investigated for criminal
responsibility pursuant to the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law. If
the circumstances are minor, he shall be given an administrative sanction.
Article 31
The administrative sanction provided for in this Law shall be determined
by the metrological administrative department of a people's government at
or above the county level. The administrative sanction provided for in
Article 27 of this Law may also be determined by the administrative
departments for industry and commerce.
Article 32
A party who refuses to accept the decision of the administrative sanction
may, within 15 days after receipt of the notification of the decision,
file suit in a people's court. If within that time limit the party does
not file suit or comply with the penalty of paying a fine and having his
unlawful income confiscated, the administrative authorities which have
made the decision of the administrative sanction may request the people's
court for compulsory execution.
Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions
Article 33
Measures for the administration of and supervision over metrological work
in the Chinese People's Liberation Army and in units under the
jurisdiction of the Commission on Science, Technology and Industry for
National Defence shall be formulated separately by the State Council and
the Central Military Commission in accordance with this Law.
Article 34
The metrological administrative department of the State Council shall, in
accordance with this Law, formulate rules for its implementation, which
shall go into effect after being submitted to and approved by the State
Council.
Article 35
This Law shall go into effect on July 1, 1986.
Important Notice:
This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
李靖
关键词: 金融消费者保护法/金融争端解决机构/纠纷解决机制
内容提要: 2011年6月我国台湾地区通过了“金融消费者保护法”，这是台湾地区金融消费者权益保护的重大突破，其也作为“三次金改”的重要举措予以推进。我国台湾地区“金融消费者保护法”主要规范了“金融消费者”的法律概念，设置财团法人性质的争端解决机构，构架了法制化的金融纠纷解决机制。这些对金融消费者保护框架欠缺的祖国大陆具有多方借鉴意义，为祖国大陆构建完善的消费者保护法律、明确监管机构的保护职能与设置纠纷解决机制提供了参考与启示。
后危机时代，越来越多的国家重新审视金融商品的消费者保护问题。美国2010年7月通过了《多德一弗兰克华尔街改革与消费者保护法》，创立“消费者金融保护署”（United States Consumer Financial Protection Bureau，简称CFPA），作为金融消费者保护的专门机关。其首长由总统提名、国会同意后任命，并拥有独立预算。同年6月，英国财政大臣奥斯本（George Osborne）亦宣布新的金融改革方向，除了将现有大部分金融监理的权责转移至英格兰银行之外，也成立负责英国金融机构及金融服务市场之消费者保护的独立机构。如今国际金融消费者保护的趋势，即是将金融消费者保护独立于金融政策与监理，并且统筹有关银行、非银行的消费者保护；建立金融争议解决机构，施行一元化的金融监理、争议处理制度；同时也强化金融知识的普及与教育，避免因过度期待投资带来的报酬而低估隐藏的风险，藉以从源头降低可能的投资纷争。
趋同这个潮流，结合本土形势，作为“亚洲经济优等生”[1]的我国台湾地区，也于2011年6月3日通过了“金融消费者保护法”（Financial Consumer Protection Act），以弥补金融监管漏洞，加强金融消费中弱势群体的权益保护，并作为“三次金改”[2]的重要举措予以推进。本文将就“金融消费者保护法”的内容、特点进行述评，并分析祖国大陆金融消费者保护现状，试图就改革祖国大陆金融消费者保护制度提出建议。
我国台湾地区“金融消费者保护法”共分为4章、33条。第1章“总则”（第1条至第6条）界定了金融消费者的法律概念，阐述了立法主旨，明确了主管机关、金融消费者争议范围等；第2章“金融消费者之保护”（第7条至第12条）阐述了立法原则，金融广告制作者、金融服务业者所负有的义务及赔偿责任；第3章“金融消费者争议处理”（第13条至第30条）规定了金融消费争议处理机构、期限及具体程序，赋予争议处理机构专业法庭功能；最后的“附则”部分（第31条至第33条）对争议解决的法律期限，施行日期做了规定。总的来看，在内容方面，该“法”的创新主要集中在“金融消费者”的法律界定、专门争议解决机构和纠纷解决机制的设立、金融服务业的法律责任及后果的明确等方面。
一、“金融消费者”法律概念的界定
“金融消费者”概念是研究权益保护的逻辑起点。国外相关立法对金融消费者的定义，可以归纳为两种：第一种以美国为代表，其立法并没有金融消费者的明确定义，而采取“大证券法”的概念，即不分消费和投资，主要通过信息披露制度等对金融市场的参与者进行保护。但是金融危机暴露了此种制度的严重不足，引发了改革。美国2010年的新法采用概念加列举的方式，更为细化地指出金融消费者为“自然人或者代表该自然人的经纪人、受托人或代理人”，“消费金融产品和服务的消费者”，“消费金融产品或服务是指消费者主要用于个人、家庭、家用为目的的任何金融产品或服务”。第二种以英国、日本为代表，对金融消费者有明确的法律定义。2000年英国《金融服务和市场法案》（Financial Services and Markets Act 2000）首次以立法的形式确定了“金融消费者”的概念。2001年4月实施的《日本金融商品销售法》规定，本法保护的对象为资讯弱势之一方当事人，即在金融商品交易之际，相对于金融机构的专业知识，一般无论是自然人或法人，基本上属于资讯弱势一方当事人。因此该法适用之对象，不仅限于自然人的消费者，即使是法人，只要不具备金融专业知识，也属于该法的保护范围。此外，在一些判例法国家或地区，其没有明确的金融消费者定义，在涉及银行和客户之间有关金融产品的交易时，主要通过“注意义务”以及合同法律制度等对客户进行保护。因为判例法有很大的弹性，往往需要通过个案的审判进行不同的法律适用和保护，情况复杂[4]。
我国台湾地区“金融消费者保护法”采取的是上述第二种明确定义的方式。其将“金融消费者”定义为“接受金融服务业提供金融商品或服务者。但不包括专业投资机构和符合一定财力或专业能力之自然人或法人”[5]。其包括两层含义：一是接受金融服务的自然人和法人，以及提供金融服务的相对方——金融服务业（包括银行、证券业、期货业、保险业、电子票业及其他主管机关公告之金融服务业）[6]；二是将消费者与投资者区分，具有专业能力，不处于弱势地位的投资机构、法人、自然人不属于消费者范畴。
这样的规定是符合国际金融立法潮流的。传统观念认为“金融消费者”是“为了满足个人或家庭的生活需要而购买、使用金融机构提供的商品或接受金融机构提供的服务的个人投资者”[7]，仅限于自然人，不包括法人和机构[8]。但随着金融创新和金融市场的发展，人们逐渐认识到将消费者作为特殊对象加以保护是基于其弱者地位，而弱者地位与其个体性质、社会身份等没有直接关系，不论在普通商品经济还是金融交易中，信息的不对称才是造成其弱势地位的关键因素。在市场上从事交易的法人，很多也不一定具备专业知识，也是处于被动弱者地位。因此，金融消费者的概念主体外延应该是广泛的，应将个人和法人都列入金融消费者概念中，但应有“不具备金融专业知识，在交易中处于弱势地位”的限定，概念的第二点即对此做了规定。
投资者和消费者是两个分别涉及投资关系和交易关系的不同概念。投资银行、银行下设的专业投资机构等凭借其雄厚的财力、专业人才在交易中往往处于优势地位，在进行高风险投资时，与普通消费者有着本质区别，应认为是与交易对手处于平等地位，高风险、高收益，风险自负，而不应倾斜保护。因此对其加以限定，而这些专业投资机构之范围以及认定之条件，则由主管机关即我国台湾地区“行政院金融监管管理委员会”（Financial Supervisory Commission，FSC）认定。
二、设置金融争议处理机构和纠纷解决机制
国外对于金融消费者争议的处理，一般设置专门的纠纷解决机构。英国是这方面的先趋，其早在1986年就已通过《金融服务法》，成立金融服务管理局（Financial Services Authority，简称FSA），负责所有金融销售争议案件。金融危机后英国又新设了消费者保护与市场署，取代了FSA，专门负责金融消费者保护职能。新加坡于2005年在新加坡金融管理局（Monetary Authority of Singapore，简称MAS）中成立“金融业争议调解中心”（FIDReC），成为新加坡目前唯一合法的金融争议解决机构，施行一元化的金融监理、争议处理制度。而动静最大、影响最广的则是美国设立的“消费者金融保护署”（CFPA），其统一履行分布于不同联邦机构的金融消费者保护职能，拥有包括规则制定、从事检查、实施罚款等在内的权力，并从增强透明度、简单化、公平性和可得性四个方面进行消费者保护改革。
各国争议解决机构的设立，确保在发生金融消费纠纷后，消费者可以通过与金融机构自行协商、向监管机构投诉、申请仲裁及提起诉讼等方式解决。争议处理机构和解决机制的设置，是国际消费者金融保护立法的重要内容，我国台湾地区“金融消费者保护法”也不例外，其第三章“金融消费者争议处理”，将设立争端处理机构和机制作为立法的重心。
“金融消费者保护法”规定争议处理机构为财团法人型态，并设置由9至25位委员所组成的评议委员会。“成立委员会的目的是为了保护个人消费者的利益。相对于大的保险公司，个人消费者通常是弱者。[9]该财团的基金来源包括民间捐助财产、“政府”分5年编列10亿台币预算、基金擎息、向金融业收取年费和争议处理费。争议处理机构等同法庭的功能，受理金融消费者申请评议后，结果效力将等同民事判决。金融业者与消费者订定契约时，若违反相关规定，导致消费者受害，应负损害赔偿责任[10]。
争议处理机构及其人员对于所知悉金融消费争议的资料及评议过程，除“法规”另有规定或经争议双方同意之外，应保守秘密。未来包括信用卡、现金卡、各式贷款、基金、连动债、保单等金融商品发生消费争议，将由“金管会”下设置的财团法人金融消费争议机构接受申诉，再交由评议委员会讨论，讨论的结果金融机构一定要接受，而如果消费者也认同决议，效力就视同“法院”民事判决。如果消费者不满意，可向“法院”提出诉讼[11]。我国台湾地区金融消费者保护机关设置体制与英国、美国颇为相近，都是在传统的金融监管机构之外，另设专门机构。这在客观上能够确保消费者保护机构的中立性、公正性、独立性，防止监管部门过于容忍金融机构侵害消费者权益的行为，一定程度上有助于避免“监管捕获”这一道德风险，增强金融消费者保护的实际效果[12]。
三、明确金融服务业的法律责任及后果
金融消费者和普通消费者一样，应享受消费者保护法的保护，对金融产品享有安全权、知情权、选择权、公平交易权等权利。金融服务提供者须承担安全义务、信息披露义务和公平义务等。然而实际生活中，金融服务提供者凭借其雄厚的经济实力、庞大的组织机构和各类专业的人才侵犯消费者权益的情况时有发生。如金融机构在销售产品时，片面夸大产品收益，忽视甚至故意不对消费者进行风险提示，致使消费者盲目购买金融产品，损害消费者的知情权；银行在消费者开户办理存折时，要求必需同时办理借记卡，且借记卡需收取年费等。此种金融服务产品捆绑销售的做法，侵犯了消费者的自由选择权。
针对不断出现的金融消费者利益受损现象，立法应明确金融服务业的法律责任及后果，切实保障消费者利益，各国立法实践中也将此作为重要内容。
日本在2001年4月开始实施《金融产品销售法》中明确：在销售存储款、信托、保险、有价证券、有价证券金融衍生产品等各种金融产品时，销售业者有义务向顾客说明存在跌破面值的风险等重要事项。此外，还规定销售业者制定并公开劝购方针的义务。销售业者违反该法规定的说明义务且使顾客蒙受损失时，不论有无自我过失，都要向顾客承担损失赔偿责任[13]。英国金融服务局在2006年10月出台的《业务原则》中规定，金融机构必须给予消费者利益以合理的关注；公平对待消费者，有义务向消费者提供其需要的信息，并且用清晰、公平、无误导的方式向消费者传达信息；必须公平地处理利益冲突问题，包括自己与消费者的利益冲突以及消费者之间的利益冲突；当金融机构对消费者的财产负责时，应对消费者的财产提供足够的保护[14]。2010年，奥巴马在金融委员会通过批准成立消费者金融保护署法案后发表声明说，消费者金融保护署将防止掠夺性的贷款行为，确保消费者能够明白地获得，诸如信用卡和抵押贷款之类的金融产品的信息。
我国台湾地区在之前的金融监理体制下，对消费者保护存在种种迷惑。当局认为投资者想赚取利润，就需自负风险，忽视了此设定的前提，即投资者要有足够的金融知识，并且金融机构在销售时，已充分告知产品的特性与隐藏风险。在银行销售雷曼兄弟集团所发行的连动债给一般投资人时，理财专员基本不提醒客户其具有的金融风险，而是常告知此商品百分之百保本。结果是随着雷曼兄弟母公司的倒台，以此为“信用”担保的连动债变成一场空，引爆了我国台湾地区金融消费的大地震。而在具体对金融产品销售的监管方面，主要按六大阶段进行：销售人员商品认识；认识客户程序；根据客户特性，推荐适合商品；告知客户商品内容说明及风险；表单填写；销售后服务。这些规定虽被执行，但仍存在诸多监管漏洞。
在对以上弊病反思的基础上，我国台湾地区“金融消费者保护法”将消费者接受金融服务业（包括银行业、证券业、期货业、保险业、电子票证业等服务）纳入其保障范围，并要求之后金融服务业从事广告、业务招揽及营业促销活动，不得有虚伪、诈欺、隐匿或其他足致他人误信的情况出现[15]。
我国台湾地区“金融消费者保护法”具体从以下四个方面，明确金融服务业的职责和法律责任：第一，金融机构销售商品时，应充分了解金融消费者的相关资料，以确保该商品或服务适用于金融消费者；第二，要充分告知风险，提供充分资讯给投资人作为决策判断时参考。金融服务业应说明金融商品、服务、契约的重要内容，并充分揭露风险，以及未尽说明、损害赔偿责任；第三，“金管会”对于商品销售过程的行为，会要求各金融机构加强并审查；第四，比照保险业务员规划“理财专员”，采取登记制度，将来理财专员销售金融商品时，要到银行公会或信托公会登记，才具有销售资格。恶质违法理财专员必须受罚，最严重可以解除职务，而且包括银行、理财专员业务主管，同样要负连带责任[16]。
我国台湾地区“金融消费者保护法”的出台，对于遏制金融服务业盛气凌人、以大欺小的行业局面，切实保护金融消费者的知情权、安全权、选择权等实体权益会起到重大作用；“因设有多项保护消费者的强制性规定，新法预期将会对金融服务业的销售实务运作产生相当大的影响”。
